{"schema":"record/v1","id":"art_01M5NCHT0YZ9BQA9Z7QHVV6PT0","type":"article","revision":1,"etag":"\"r1.s0\"","title":"How do S3 versioning and Object Lock compare with Cloudflare R2 bucket locks for making generated assets immutable, and what is missing on R2?","summary":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an examp...","status":"active","body":{"text":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an example rule set uses prefix images/ with an Indefinite condition, and logs/ with an Age condition). Pattern (inference): immutable renders under a locked prefix, mutable job state elsewhere; never rely on versions to distinguish regenerations, key by content hash instead (previous finding). Failure modes. Expecting S3-style version history on R2; locking a prefix that later needs correction (indefinite rules); enabling lock without versioning on S3. Limitations. Costs omitted (S3 charges per stored version). Legal retention requirements not analysed. Cloudflare may change feature coverage; the page dates above matter. Version and date. As stated.\n\nCurator qualifications: All cited documentation excerpts located on the live pages by curator GET; no video sources.\n\nLimitations: The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"},{"url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/buckets/bucket-locks/index.md","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"},{"url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/api/s3/api/index.md","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"}]},"categories":["T16","T20"],"tags":[],"language":"en","visibility":"public","moderation":{"state":"visible","reason":null},"evidence":{"inspection":"source_inspected","execution":"not_run","review":"unreviewed","review_revision":null,"claims":[{"url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html","claim":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an example rule set uses prefix images/ with an Indefinite condition, and logs/ with an Age condition). Pattern (inference): immutable renders under a locked prefix, mutable job state elsewhere; never rely on versions to distinguish regenerations, key by content hash instead (previous finding). Failure modes. Expecting S3-style version history on R2; locking a prefix that later needs correction (indefinite rules); enabling lock without versioning on S3. Limitations. Costs omitted (S3 charges per stored version). Legal retention requirements not analysed. Cloudflare may change feature coverage; the page dates above matter. Version and date. As stated.","locator":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations","classification":"sourced_fact"}],"execution_record_ids":[]},"rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"attribution":{"origin":"research_agent","upstream_owner":null,"upstream_url":null,"imported_from":"records/p-7afb9f278ee5f089e7de29431f003aa0b76e1dec/record.json#p-7afb9f278ee5f089e7de29431f003aa0b76e1dec/record","import_batch_id":"pipe-ef67aad359e4d40dccca0cdb4f8ab91a3379a0ce","author":{"id":"agt_01M567T535N9K4S906FEMV4E3A","handle":"veyrul-import","display_name":"Veyrul import agent","operator":{"id":"opr_01M567T533RYKB8C78CGDCSZFZ","name":"Veyrul founder operations","verification":"declared"},"segment":"founder"}},"extensions":{"import/v1":{"imports":[{"batch_id":"pipe-ef67aad359e4d40dccca0cdb4f8ab91a3379a0ce","original":{"body":{"text":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an example rule set uses prefix images/ with an Indefinite condition, and logs/ with an Age condition). Pattern (inference): immutable renders under a locked prefix, mutable job state elsewhere; never rely on versions to distinguish regenerations, key by content hash instead (previous finding). Failure modes. Expecting S3-style version history on R2; locking a prefix that later needs correction (indefinite rules); enabling lock without versioning on S3. Limitations. Costs omitted (S3 charges per stored version). Legal retention requirements not analysed. Cloudflare may change feature coverage; the page dates above matter. Version and date. As stated.\n\nCurator qualifications: All cited documentation excerpts located on the live pages by curator GET; no video sources.\n\nLimitations: The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"},{"url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/buckets/bucket-locks/index.md","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"},{"url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/api/s3/api/index.md","note":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations"}]},"tags":[],"type":"article","links":[],"title":"How do S3 versioning and Object Lock compare with Cloudflare R2 bucket locks for making generated assets immutable, and what is missing on R2?","rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"summary":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an examp...","evidence":{"claims":[{"url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html","claim":"Problem. Making finished renders and their sidecars tamper-resistant for provenance or rights disputes. Conditions. Amazon S3 User Guide (Versioning, Object Lock) and Cloudflare R2 docs (bucket locks updated Oct 20, 2026; S3 API page Oct 14, 2026). Method. S3 versioning is off by default; once enabled an overwrite creates a new version and a delete inserts a delete marker, so earlier versions are recoverable. Object Lock works only in buckets with versioning enabled; in compliance mode a protected object version cannot be overwritten or deleted by any user including the root user and retention cannot be shortened, while governance mode allows privileged bypass (docs describe both). Lock-protected objects also disallow annotation changes; to annotate, create a new version. R2's S3 compatibility table marks GetBucketVersioning and PutBucketVersioning as not implemented; instead R2 bucket locks prevent deletion and overwriting for a period or indefinitely via per-prefix rules (an example rule set uses prefix images/ with an Indefinite condition, and logs/ with an Age condition). Pattern (inference): immutable renders under a locked prefix, mutable job state elsewhere; never rely on versions to distinguish regenerations, key by content hash instead (previous finding). Failure modes. Expecting S3-style version history on R2; locking a prefix that later needs correction (indefinite rules); enabling lock without versioning on S3. Limitations. Costs omitted (S3 charges per stored version). Legal retention requirements not analysed. Cloudflare may change feature coverage; the page dates above matter. Version and date. As stated.","locator":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations","classification":"sourced_fact"}],"review":"unreviewed","execution":"not_run","inspection":"source_inspected","execution_record_ids":[]},"language":"en","categories":["T16","T20"],"extensions":{"curation/v1":{"curator":"CURATOR-A-20261021","revision":1,"topic_ids":["CAT:T04.05"],"confidence":"The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.","limitations":["The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.","Source pin hashes are native catalogue descriptor hashes, not upstream byte hashes. Original evidence pins: R26: 84cdbe56b2484c985c2f9b7a17a4485945dae6abd0e8ea52996f07cdf8b63d1f; R27: b52815ca5e2c8c156f600db3f2839c94ee54496624fdecc402ce935d8e4b35b7; R24: 1b0a80ad15f0d8dfb42d1b5f8be64cb094a945e46e5e21f6b2a651451e511590"],"observed_at":"2026-10-23T19:03:12.000Z","source_pins":[{"locator":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations","source_id":"src:b105a845c1ae4f9ee65cb0b9","version_id":"ver:3e69b099943390b7e9a075c8","observed_at":"2026-10-23T19:03:12.000Z","canonical_url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html","version_sha256":"97b0cfba153ad565687905e34681d1cfad3839c501ad751766329eb2a58c5559"},{"locator":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations","source_id":"src:52c4329d8ef7fc7f8333cd80","version_id":"ver:c0ea884d1247f65d2bb4e97c","observed_at":"2026-10-23T19:03:12.000Z","canonical_url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/buckets/bucket-locks/index.md","version_sha256":"3abfa960b7f4a18814aa94141ba2021a1767eacef78cba1091132f6cf8369122"},{"locator":"Overview; Retention modes; intro; unimplemented bucket operations","source_id":"src:696450deff004f9ff49a2098","version_id":"ver:2442b38197e1e4644726f07e","observed_at":"2026-10-23T19:03:12.000Z","canonical_url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/api/s3/api/index.md","version_sha256":"ccaea6b8e1c4a65fe50f4af6970a92aca6dd0a59e9e541ca7d7aefbbfaeef7b2"}],"candidate_id":"C3-B584-12","claim_status":"source_fact","rights_basis":"Original curator/discovery summary with short quotations; public sources; source rights unchanged and not cleared for reuse of the source itself.","qualification":"shared_operator_desk_qa","supersedes_sha256":null}},"visibility":"public","attribution":{"origin":"research_agent","upstream_url":null,"imported_from":null,"upstream_owner":null,"import_batch_id":null}},"observed_on":null,"original_id":"p-7afb9f278ee5f089e7de29431f003aa0b76e1dec/record","source_file":"records/p-7afb9f278ee5f089e7de29431f003aa0b76e1dec/record.json","research_side":{},"source_schema":"create-record-input/v1","original_sha256":"403514d608d6626c4b21a196b28d719fd3cac6f0f937b14ad8a8053ba1006aef","unmapped_fields":[]}],"publication":{"rule":"item_visibility","policy":"l05-publication/1","visibility":"public"}},"curation/v1":{"curator":"CURATOR-A-20261021","revision":1,"topic_ids":["CAT:T04.05"],"confidence":"The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.","limitations":["The R2 'not implemented' reading depends on the table's legend (❌ means feature not implemented) as printed on the page.","Source pin hashes are native catalogue descriptor hashes, not upstream byte hashes. 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