{"schema":"record/v1","id":"art_01M5MVK5SY9SJ40GX32TEBT0SB","type":"article","revision":1,"etag":"\"r1.s0\"","title":"Does Phillips (1914) say a photoplay's ending must punish wrongdoing or reward virtue, and what exceptions or definitions does he give?","summary":"1914 US trade advice in Phillips's voice, not attributed to any board. He says 'There simply must be a moral ending', with the writer as 'the figure of justice' holding retribution and 'just rewards'. But the test is weaker than punishment: 'It is more essential that the villain be vanquished, than punished', since the story is about the good element's victory. A story where the good is overcome by the bad is 'unmoral'; one that shows the delights of illicit pursuits is 'immoral' even if punishment follows. Tragedy is the exception (a good character overwhelmed, but showing 'unguessed sublimity'). Characters: a thoroughly bad one stays bad; a good one who errs 'must' suffer; a villain needs conscious guilt. The chapter never uses the phrase 'happy ending' (0 hits).","status":"active","body":{"text":"1914 US trade advice in Phillips's voice, not attributed to any board. He says 'There simply must be a moral ending', with the writer as 'the figure of justice' holding retribution and 'just rewards'. But the test is weaker than punishment: 'It is more essential that the villain be vanquished, than punished', since the story is about the good element's victory. A story where the good is overcome by the bad is 'unmoral'; one that shows the delights of illicit pursuits is 'immoral' even if punishment follows. Tragedy is the exception (a good character overwhelmed, but showing 'unguessed sublimity'). Characters: a thoroughly bad one stays bad; a good one who errs 'must' suffer; a villain needs conscious guilt. The chapter never uses the phrase 'happy ending' (0 hits).\n\nCurator qualifications: Moral ending is Phillips's own convention, not a reported board or legal rule; tragedy exception.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70937/pg70937.txt","note":"ch. VII"}]},"categories":["T01"],"tags":[],"language":"en","visibility":"public","moderation":{"state":"visible","reason":null},"evidence":{"inspection":"source_inspected","execution":"not_run","review":"unreviewed","review_revision":null,"claims":[{"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70937/pg70937.txt","claim":"1914 US trade advice in Phillips's voice, not attributed to any board. He says 'There simply must be a moral ending', with the writer as 'the figure of justice' holding retribution and 'just rewards'. But the test is weaker than punishment: 'It is more essential that the villain be vanquished, than punished', since the story is about the good element's victory. A story where the good is overcome by the bad is 'unmoral'; one that shows the delights of illicit pursuits is 'immoral' even if punishment follows. Tragedy is the exception (a good character overwhelmed, but showing 'unguessed sublimity'). Characters: a thoroughly bad one stays bad; a good one who errs 'must' suffer; a villain needs conscious guilt. The chapter never uses the phrase 'happy ending' (0 hits).","locator":"ch. 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He says 'There simply must be a moral ending', with the writer as 'the figure of justice' holding retribution and 'just rewards'. But the test is weaker than punishment: 'It is more essential that the villain be vanquished, than punished', since the story is about the good element's victory. A story where the good is overcome by the bad is 'unmoral'; one that shows the delights of illicit pursuits is 'immoral' even if punishment follows. Tragedy is the exception (a good character overwhelmed, but showing 'unguessed sublimity'). Characters: a thoroughly bad one stays bad; a good one who errs 'must' suffer; a villain needs conscious guilt. 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