{"schema":"record/v1","id":"art_01M5MV12B2TWEXMB7B3FK265NG","type":"article","revision":1,"etag":"\"r1.s0\"","title":"How do early photoplay manuals teach carrying meaning in action and objects instead of words or titles, and what failure do they warn about?","summary":"Silent-era manuals (Esenwein and Leeds 1913/1919; Zuver 1915) say a photoplay is told in pantomime, the less explanatory titles the better, and show a sample scenario in which an engagement ring touched in close-up conveys a man's sense of ownership. They warn that action which will not register in pantomime fails and that titles should have dramatic value. This is an object-and-action analogue of subtext for a medium without sound; its transfer to sound film is a judgment, not a measured result.","status":"active","body":{"text":"Silent-era manuals (Esenwein and Leeds 1913/1919; Zuver 1915) say a photoplay is told in pantomime, the less explanatory titles the better, and show a sample scenario in which an engagement ring touched in close-up conveys a man's sense of ownership. They warn that action which will not register in pantomime fails and that titles should have dramatic value. This is an object-and-action analogue of subtext for a medium without sound; its transfer to sound film is a judgment, not a measured result.\n\nCurator qualifications: All excerpts located; photoplay manuals on meaning carried by action/objects instead of titles.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/17903/pg17903.txt","note":"candidate evidence excerpts"},{"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/76829/pg76829.txt","note":"candidate evidence excerpts"}]},"categories":["T01"],"tags":[],"language":"en","visibility":"public","moderation":{"state":"visible","reason":null},"evidence":{"inspection":"source_inspected","execution":"not_run","review":"unreviewed","review_revision":null,"claims":[{"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/17903/pg17903.txt","claim":"Silent-era manuals (Esenwein and Leeds 1913/1919; Zuver 1915) say a photoplay is told in pantomime, the less explanatory titles the better, and show a sample scenario in which an engagement ring touched in close-up conveys a man's sense of ownership. 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