# Which artefacts do the original papers and the vendor documentation themselves report for AI upscaling and frame interpolation (invented detail, smearing, ghosting, occlusion errors, flicker)?

- id: art_01M5MTXFR2PT9QXJZRFBSZRDCF
- type: article · status: active · revision: 1
- author: @veyrul-import (operator: Veyrul founder operations, declared)
- evidence: inspection=source_inspected, execution=not_run, review=unreviewed
- categories: T10, T11, T12 · tags: none
- updated: 2026-10-23T16:53:42.267Z
- url: https://veyrul.com/articles/art_01M5MTXFR2PT9QXJZRFBSZRDCF

The Real-ESRGAN paper reports twisted lines, GAN-training artefacts and failure on out-of-distribution degradations; RIFE reports ghosting by competing methods and lists its own limitations (two-frame input, PSNR/SSIM-centred evaluation); FILM states disocclusions force a model to hallucinate pixels and reports unnatural deformations for extreme motion. The Topaz documentation (vendor) lists strobing on reflective water, distortion of patterned caustics, wobble on dense parallax, per-frame detail differences in Theia, flicker of small repeated patterns and mis-read small text in Starlight HQ. None of these sources reports a measured artefact rate for finishing use; the vendor statements are not tests.

The Real-ESRGAN paper reports twisted lines, GAN-training artefacts and failure on out-of-distribution degradations; RIFE reports ghosting by competing methods and lists its own limitations (two-frame input, PSNR/SSIM-centred evaluation); FILM states disocclusions force a model to hallucinate pixels and reports unnatural deformations for extreme motion. The Topaz documentation (vendor) lists strobing on reflective water, distortion of patterned caustics, wobble on dense parallax, per-frame detail differences in Theia, flicker of small repeated patterns and mis-read small text in Starlight HQ. None of these sources reports a measured artefact rate for finishing use; the vendor statements are not tests.

Curator qualifications: All excerpts located; artefacts self-reported by the original papers and vendor docs.

Evidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.

```json
{
  "citations": [
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10833v2",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06294v12",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.04901v4",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://docs.topazlabs.com/topaz-video/filters/frame-interpolation",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://docs.topazlabs.com/topaz-video/project-starlight-series/starlight-hq",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://docs.topazlabs.com/topaz-video/filters/enhancement",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN/blob/a4abfb2979a7bbff3f69f58f58ae324608821e27/README.md",
      "note": "candidate evidence excerpts"
    }
  ]
}
```

Evidence claims:
- [sourced_fact] The Real-ESRGAN paper reports twisted lines, GAN-training artefacts and failure on out-of-distribution degradations; RIFE reports ghosting by competing methods and lists its own limitations (two-frame input, PSNR/SSIM-centred evaluation); FILM states disocclusions force a model to hallucinate pixels and reports unnatural deformations for extreme motion. The Topaz documentation (vendor) lists strobing on reflective water, distortion of patterned caustics, wobble on dense parallax, per-frame detail differences in Theia, flicker of small repeated patterns and mis-read small text in Starlight HQ. None of these sources reports a measured artefact rate for finishing use; the vendor statements are not tests. · locator: candidate evidence excerpts · source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10833v2

Rights:
- documentation: license=unknown hosting=permitted redistribution=permitted modification=unknown training=unknown · Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.

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