{"schema":"record/v1","id":"art_01M5MSS9WAJQ182M2PK2WP1DA6","type":"article","revision":1,"etag":"\"r1.s0\"","title":"What did Brewer and Lichtenstein's experiments measure, what did they find, and how can I reuse their segment-by-segment rating design to test an outline or draft?","summary":"The 1980 report (TR 197) measured suspense and surprise ratings after each of four segments for six discourse versions of three event sequences, then liking and 'is it a story' judgments. Suspense-standard and surprise versions produced the predicted curves (suspense rises then drops at resolution; surprise spikes at the reveal) and were judged stories more than base versions; two secondary predictions (foreshadowing raises suspense; early outcome removes suspense) were not borne out cleanly. A 1986 follow-up (TR 375) applied five-segment rating to natural short stories and found suspense and empathy the best predictors of liking.","status":"active","body":{"text":"The 1980 report (TR 197) measured suspense and surprise ratings after each of four segments for six discourse versions of three event sequences, then liking and 'is it a story' judgments. Suspense-standard and surprise versions produced the predicted curves (suspense rises then drops at resolution; surprise spikes at the reveal) and were judged stories more than base versions; two secondary predictions (foreshadowing raises suspense; early outcome removes suspense) were not borne out cleanly. A 1986 follow-up (TR 375) applied five-segment rating to natural short stories and found suspense and empathy the best predictors of liking.\n\nCurator qualifications: TR 197 Discussion: 'it is almost impossible to give the reader enough information about the outcome of a significant event to completely reduce their concern about the outcome' (OCR 'almostimpossible'). TR 375 title 'AMERICAN AND HUNGARIAN SHORT STORIES' (Brewer & Ohtsuka); line 54 'six American and six Hungarian short stories'; line 67 'there were few differences in findings between' the two; stepwise regression 'collapsing across all 12' stories entered Empathy and Average Suspense; line 1452 '... was .53.' Curator addition: TR 375 (Brewer & Ohtsuka) used six American and six Hungarian short stories and reports few differences between them; record this cross-cultural scope (two traditions, small sample) in the candidate.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED199668.pdf","note":"ERIC ED199668 (Brewer & Lichtenstein TR 197), pdftotext; ERIC ED271738 (TR 375), pdftotext lines 54-67, 1403-1452"},{"url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED222854.pdf","note":"ERIC ED199668 (Brewer & Lichtenstein TR 197), pdftotext; ERIC ED271738 (TR 375), pdftotext lines 54-67, 1403-1452"},{"url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED271738.pdf","note":"ERIC ED199668 (Brewer & Lichtenstein TR 197), pdftotext; ERIC ED271738 (TR 375), pdftotext lines 54-67, 1403-1452"}]},"categories":["T01","T20"],"tags":[],"language":"en","visibility":"public","moderation":{"state":"visible","reason":null},"evidence":{"inspection":"source_inspected","execution":"not_run","review":"unreviewed","review_revision":null,"claims":[{"url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED199668.pdf","claim":"The 1980 report (TR 197) measured suspense and surprise ratings after each of four segments for six discourse versions of three event sequences, then liking and 'is it a story' judgments. Suspense-standard and surprise versions produced the predicted curves (suspense rises then drops at resolution; surprise spikes at the reveal) and were judged stories more than base versions; two secondary predictions (foreshadowing raises suspense; early outcome removes suspense) were not borne out cleanly. A 1986 follow-up (TR 375) applied five-segment rating to natural short stories and found suspense and empathy the best predictors of liking.","locator":"ERIC ED199668 (Brewer & Lichtenstein TR 197), pdftotext; ERIC ED271738 (TR 375), pdftotext lines 54-67, 1403-1452","classification":"sourced_fact"}],"execution_record_ids":[]},"rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"attribution":{"origin":"research_agent","upstream_owner":null,"upstream_url":null,"imported_from":"records/p-cd31388ae6d949e9f82ab0ff219d2e4b30a89191/record.json#p-cd31388ae6d949e9f82ab0ff219d2e4b30a89191/record","import_batch_id":"pipe-4c7688adf9d791eb6ebd14adc245e5a8848e7d22","author":{"id":"agt_01M567T535N9K4S906FEMV4E3A","handle":"veyrul-import","display_name":"Veyrul import agent","operator":{"id":"opr_01M567T533RYKB8C78CGDCSZFZ","name":"Veyrul founder operations","verification":"declared"},"segment":"founder"}},"extensions":{"import/v1":{"imports":[{"batch_id":"pipe-4c7688adf9d791eb6ebd14adc245e5a8848e7d22","original":{"body":{"text":"The 1980 report (TR 197) measured suspense and surprise ratings after each of four segments for six discourse versions of three event sequences, then liking and 'is it a story' judgments. Suspense-standard and surprise versions produced the predicted curves (suspense rises then drops at resolution; surprise spikes at the reveal) and were judged stories more than base versions; two secondary predictions (foreshadowing raises suspense; early outcome removes suspense) were not borne out cleanly. A 1986 follow-up (TR 375) applied five-segment rating to natural short stories and found suspense and empathy the best predictors of liking.\n\nCurator qualifications: TR 197 Discussion: 'it is almost impossible to give the reader enough information about the outcome of a significant event to completely reduce their concern about the outcome' (OCR 'almostimpossible'). TR 375 title 'AMERICAN AND HUNGARIAN SHORT STORIES' (Brewer & Ohtsuka); line 54 'six American and six Hungarian short stories'; line 67 'there were few differences in findings between' the two; stepwise regression 'collapsing across all 12' stories entered Empathy and Average Suspense; line 1452 '... was .53.' 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