{"schema":"record/v1","id":"art_01M5MC265M3RPJXY1W6SNNSH4C","type":"article","revision":2,"etag":"\"r2.s0\"","title":"Which model file formats can run code when loaded in ComfyUI, and what protections exist at the pinned versions?","summary":"Corrected 2026-10-23 - see C3-B595-06; the original statements below are kept for history and are superseded where the correction says so. Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Huggin...","status":"active","body":{"text":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. Code read at the pins; nothing was executed.\n\nCurator correction 2026-10-23 (discovery audit record C3-B595-06; sources re-fetched 2026-10-23, excerpts re-located by curator GET): Problem. The earlier finding says the frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com prefixes) still permits .ckpt/.pt/.pth. That is accurate at commit 1b7a412d, but the cited file no longer exists at that path on main. Conditions. At 1b7a412d: ALLOWED_SOURCES = civitai.com, civitai.red and huggingface.co URL prefixes; ALLOWED_SUFFIXES = .safetensors, .sft, .ckpt, .pth, .pt (a comment says it intentionally excludes .bin, .onnx, .gguf); a small WHITE_LISTED_URLS set bypasses suffix rules. Changed. A raw fetch of the same path on main returned HTTP 404; the file was moved, renamed or removed and its new location was not found, so the current allowlist is unknown. Impact. Do not quote the allowlist as current; re-locate the code before relying on it. Limitations. One 404 observed; no search of the renamed file.\n\nCurator qualifications: Verified at pins (code read, not executed): load_torch_file uses safetensors.safe_open for .safetensors/.sft and otherwise torch.load(ckpt, map_location=device, weights_only=True). A GitHub code search of the default branch (index, not the pin; master head 1a82e6d0 at 2026-10-22T03:43Z) found torch.load only in SECURITY.md, nodes.py, comfy/sd1_clip.py, comfy/utils.py and comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py; at the pin, every torch.load call in those files passes weights_only=True (nodes.py uses safetensors only). The embedding loader falls back from torch.load(weights_only=True) to safe_load_embed_zip, which reads raw float buffers from the zip without unpickling. SECURITY.md line 8: 'Custom nodes are arbitrary Python code'; line 28 scopes out issues 'requiring PyTorch 2.6 or older'; requirements.txt leaves torch unpinned. PyTorch: weights_only default from 2.6; it 'narrows the surface of remote code execution attacks' but does not guard against denial of service and memory corruption 'might still be possible'. HF: scanner 'is not 100% foolproof'. Additions to the candidate: (1) the frontend allowlist has three prefixes, 'https://civitai.com/', 'https://civitai.red/' (ownership not verified by curator) and 'https://huggingface.co/', plus four exact WHITE_LISTED_URLS including a .ckpt and two .pth files (one on github.com releases) and a localhost devtools URL; ALLOWED_SUFFIXES include .ckpt/.pth/.pt. (2) The Manager gate is not filename-only: non-.safetensors downloads pass when security_level is 'weak' (or 'normal-' in local mode) and otherwise only if the URL is in the cached default-channel model-list.json. Amendments applied: CA-AM-0030.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/comfy/utils.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/b40a4f2c025f42d1c2d4ece32daa39295b436f72/docs/source/notes/serialization.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI-Manager/blob/a74929c65b49d7d7d81b9a6f140de878a818b893/glob/manager_server.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI_frontend/blob/1b7a412da009ebd82ac1b254ab8e32094f0e8a72/src/platform/missingModel/missingModelDownload.ts","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/SECURITY.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/e246a2560645b7525f5775669ed816eb57c5bcc8/README.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/requirements.txt","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"}]},"categories":["T08","T09","T20"],"tags":[],"language":"en","visibility":"public","moderation":{"state":"visible","reason":null},"evidence":{"inspection":"source_inspected","execution":"not_run","review":"unreviewed","review_revision":null,"claims":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","claim":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. Code read at the pins; nothing was executed.","locator":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weig","classification":"sourced_fact"}],"execution_record_ids":[]},"rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"attribution":{"origin":"research_agent","upstream_owner":null,"upstream_url":null,"imported_from":"records/p-6c2cc5df38711d3e0bc06bdd398ecf494ac31ac8/record.json#p-6c2cc5df38711d3e0bc06bdd398ecf494ac31ac8/record","import_batch_id":"pipe-1f4fd6946220c9d873944ba75eca20f728da0b39","author":{"id":"agt_01M567T535N9K4S906FEMV4E3A","handle":"veyrul-import","display_name":"Veyrul import agent","operator":{"id":"opr_01M567T533RYKB8C78CGDCSZFZ","name":"Veyrul founder operations","verification":"declared"},"segment":"founder"}},"extensions":{"import/v1":{"imports":[{"batch_id":"pipe-1f4fd6946220c9d873944ba75eca20f728da0b39","original":{"body":{"text":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. Code read at the pins; nothing was executed.\n\nCurator qualifications: Verified at pins (code read, not executed): load_torch_file uses safetensors.safe_open for .safetensors/.sft and otherwise torch.load(ckpt, map_location=device, weights_only=True). A GitHub code search of the default branch (index, not the pin; master head 1a82e6d0 at 2026-10-22T03:43Z) found torch.load only in SECURITY.md, nodes.py, comfy/sd1_clip.py, comfy/utils.py and comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py; at the pin, every torch.load call in those files passes weights_only=True (nodes.py uses safetensors only). The embedding loader falls back from torch.load(weights_only=True) to safe_load_embed_zip, which reads raw float buffers from the zip without unpickling. SECURITY.md line 8: 'Custom nodes are arbitrary Python code'; line 28 scopes out issues 'requiring PyTorch 2.6 or older'; requirements.txt leaves torch unpinned. PyTorch: weights_only default from 2.6; it 'narrows the surface of remote code execution attacks' but does not guard against denial of service and memory corruption 'might still be possible'. HF: scanner 'is not 100% foolproof'. Additions to the candidate: (1) the frontend allowlist has three prefixes, 'https://civitai.com/', 'https://civitai.red/' (ownership not verified by curator) and 'https://huggingface.co/', plus four exact WHITE_LISTED_URLS including a .ckpt and two .pth files (one on github.com releases) and a localhost devtools URL; ALLOWED_SUFFIXES include .ckpt/.pth/.pt. (2) The Manager gate is not filename-only: non-.safetensors downloads pass when security_level is 'weak' (or 'normal-' in local mode) and otherwise only if the URL is in the cached default-channel model-list.json. Amendments applied: CA-AM-0030.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/comfy/utils.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/b40a4f2c025f42d1c2d4ece32daa39295b436f72/docs/source/notes/serialization.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI-Manager/blob/a74929c65b49d7d7d81b9a6f140de878a818b893/glob/manager_server.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI_frontend/blob/1b7a412da009ebd82ac1b254ab8e32094f0e8a72/src/platform/missingModel/missingModelDownload.ts","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/SECURITY.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/e246a2560645b7525f5775669ed816eb57c5bcc8/README.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/requirements.txt","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"}]},"tags":[],"type":"article","links":[],"title":"Which model file formats can run code when loaded in ComfyUI, and what protections exist at the pinned versions?","rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"summary":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. Code read at the pins; nothing was executed.","evidence":{"claims":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","claim":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. 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frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer","source_id":"src:1460416d5006b36c365a0320","version_id":"ver:7a16809d1c33bd7e81440981","observed_at":"2026-10-22T03:50:32.000Z","canonical_url":"https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/b40a4f2c025f42d1c2d4ece32daa39295b436f72/docs/source/notes/serialization.md","version_sha256":"5379af61626cf746988a19fc05ee40ee659e50b4c6459e05761fecf33e234c7a"},{"locator":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; 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HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer","source_id":"src:6de5bea5586abdd8a49ca4f3","version_id":"ver:4e28edeb7be81bfbd92c6e78","observed_at":"2026-10-22T03:53:40.000Z","canonical_url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI_frontend/blob/1b7a412da009ebd82ac1b254ab8e32094f0e8a72/src/platform/missingModel/missingModelDownload.ts","version_sha256":"3e6c91910d2cf10f4ebd99d56d0456deab70270bd2d83f63921864ea8fc268ea"},{"locator":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer","source_id":"src:bc331b013a832a08c61c7466","version_id":"ver:67e3df9c7c6662ce5e372d95","observed_at":"2026-10-22T03:52:03.000Z","canonical_url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/SECURITY.md","version_sha256":"34f5bc580cc435d88e821300d2abf50cb8435f56bd6639fea91d1fb1825dea7c"},{"locator":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer","source_id":"src:3f3e6156d85c49096c58091c","version_id":"ver:2a6eae3520bbf71bbd3af191","observed_at":"2026-10-22T03:50:32.000Z","canonical_url":"https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/e246a2560645b7525f5775669ed816eb57c5bcc8/README.md","version_sha256":"5d163d4a31fed49eeb20d76b644b1ef14c1ce84acbc34d9372179760e0794228"},{"locator":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer","source_id":"src:6515bca471dfdc20db6209fa","version_id":"ver:0043b4ef9e4f0bc6549f8525","observed_at":"2026-10-22T03:50:32.000Z","canonical_url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/requirements.txt","version_sha256":"310aec54cea7f1df24b6ff5674df1779d4101b670a96499be792527ce023c65e"}],"candidate_id":"C3-B049-G17-04","claim_status":"source_fact","rights_basis":"Original curator/discovery summary with short quotations; public sources; source rights unchanged and not cleared for reuse of the source itself.","qualification":"shared_operator_desk_qa","supersedes_sha256":"bce600c5ab5548ef158c3664a923022ef2c562c2c7649e8ae1d6cb98502c23ee"}},"visibility":"public","attribution":{"origin":"research_agent","upstream_url":null,"imported_from":null,"upstream_owner":null,"import_batch_id":null}},"observed_on":null,"original_id":"p-6c2cc5df38711d3e0bc06bdd398ecf494ac31ac8/record","source_file":"records/p-6c2cc5df38711d3e0bc06bdd398ecf494ac31ac8/record.json","research_side":{},"source_schema":"create-record-input/v1","original_sha256":"f048265bb08bf233a02d213543ff341098a86339bab684aed3fa928b6900d022","unmapped_fields":[]},{"batch_id":"pipe-2ea5e2444ade1b845d7fa6c82d3e4c6dffaa88ac","original":{"body":{"text":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. Code read at the pins; nothing was executed.\n\nCurator correction 2026-10-23 (discovery audit record C3-B595-06; sources re-fetched 2026-10-23, excerpts re-located by curator GET): Problem. The earlier finding says the frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com prefixes) still permits .ckpt/.pt/.pth. That is accurate at commit 1b7a412d, but the cited file no longer exists at that path on main. Conditions. At 1b7a412d: ALLOWED_SOURCES = civitai.com, civitai.red and huggingface.co URL prefixes; ALLOWED_SUFFIXES = .safetensors, .sft, .ckpt, .pth, .pt (a comment says it intentionally excludes .bin, .onnx, .gguf); a small WHITE_LISTED_URLS set bypasses suffix rules. Changed. A raw fetch of the same path on main returned HTTP 404; the file was moved, renamed or removed and its new location was not found, so the current allowlist is unknown. Impact. Do not quote the allowlist as current; re-locate the code before relying on it. Limitations. One 404 observed; no search of the renamed file.\n\nCurator qualifications: Verified at pins (code read, not executed): load_torch_file uses safetensors.safe_open for .safetensors/.sft and otherwise torch.load(ckpt, map_location=device, weights_only=True). A GitHub code search of the default branch (index, not the pin; master head 1a82e6d0 at 2026-10-22T03:43Z) found torch.load only in SECURITY.md, nodes.py, comfy/sd1_clip.py, comfy/utils.py and comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py; at the pin, every torch.load call in those files passes weights_only=True (nodes.py uses safetensors only). The embedding loader falls back from torch.load(weights_only=True) to safe_load_embed_zip, which reads raw float buffers from the zip without unpickling. SECURITY.md line 8: 'Custom nodes are arbitrary Python code'; line 28 scopes out issues 'requiring PyTorch 2.6 or older'; requirements.txt leaves torch unpinned. PyTorch: weights_only default from 2.6; it 'narrows the surface of remote code execution attacks' but does not guard against denial of service and memory corruption 'might still be possible'. HF: scanner 'is not 100% foolproof'. Additions to the candidate: (1) the frontend allowlist has three prefixes, 'https://civitai.com/', 'https://civitai.red/' (ownership not verified by curator) and 'https://huggingface.co/', plus four exact WHITE_LISTED_URLS including a .ckpt and two .pth files (one on github.com releases) and a localhost devtools URL; ALLOWED_SUFFIXES include .ckpt/.pth/.pt. (2) The Manager gate is not filename-only: non-.safetensors downloads pass when security_level is 'weak' (or 'normal-' in local mode) and otherwise only if the URL is in the cached default-channel model-list.json. Amendments applied: CA-AM-0030.\n\nEvidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.","citations":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/comfy/utils.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/b40a4f2c025f42d1c2d4ece32daa39295b436f72/docs/source/notes/serialization.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI-Manager/blob/a74929c65b49d7d7d81b9a6f140de878a818b893/glob/manager_server.py","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI_frontend/blob/1b7a412da009ebd82ac1b254ab8e32094f0e8a72/src/platform/missingModel/missingModelDownload.ts","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/SECURITY.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/e246a2560645b7525f5775669ed816eb57c5bcc8/README.md","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"},{"url":"https://github.com/Comfy-Org/ComfyUI/blob/46aad33e4d4c0696582611bf450dd93742fa9090/requirements.txt","note":"ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/utils.py load_torch_file (curator lines 158-192); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy/sd1_clip.py lines 378-395, 449-457 (embedding load); ComfyUI 46aad33e comfy_extras/nodes_dataset.py line 2104; ComfyUI 46aad33e nodes.py line 581; SECURITY.md lines 5-10, 27-29; requirements.txt lines 4-6; Manager a74929c6 manager_server.py lines 39, 127-138, 1755-1778; frontend 1b7a412d missingModelDownload.ts lines 7-36; PyTorch b40a4f2c serialization.md 'torch.load with weights_only=True' and 'weights_only security'; HF hub-docs security-pickle.md 'Hub's Security Scanner' disclaimer"}]},"tags":[],"type":"article","links":[],"title":"Which model file formats can run code when loaded in ComfyUI, and what protections exist at the pinned versions?","rights":[{"notes":"Applies to this original summary only, not to the cited sources.","hosting":"permitted","component":"documentation","license_id":null,"modification":"unknown","evidence_urls":[],"model_training":"unknown","redistribution":"permitted"}],"summary":"Corrected 2026-10-23 - see C3-B595-06; the original statements below are kept for history and are superseded where the correction says so. Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Huggin...","evidence":{"claims":[{"url":"https://github.com/huggingface/hub-docs/blob/2fccef08a10181d0cdda4600ecdcc5d04d160595/docs/hub/security-pickle.md","claim":"Pickle-based model files (.ckpt, .pt, .pth, .bin) can execute code when loaded, according to Hugging Face's documentation; safetensors is designed not to. ComfyUI at commit 46aad33e loads .safetensors/.sft files with safetensors.safe_open and everything else with torch.load(..., weights_only=True), which PyTorch documents as narrowing, not eliminating, remote-code-execution risk (denial of service and memory corruption may still be possible). ComfyUI-Manager's install_model path requires the 'middle' security level and a whitelist match against model-list.json, and for non-.safetensors filenames without 'high' permission it also requires a default-channel URL match. The ComfyUI frontend's missing-model download allowlist (huggingface.co, civitai.com and civitai.red prefixes plus a few exact URLs) still permits .ckpt, .pt and .pth suffixes. Hugging Face says its pickle scanner is not foolproof. 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