According to ZEISS's lens-division paper, what actually controls depth of field (f-number, imaging scale, format), and how should that change how I prompt for 'shallow depth of field' and lens length?

Problem. Prompts mix 'shallow depth of field', 'f/1.4' and '85mm' as if they were interchangeable. Conditions. Any photoreal image/video prompt that names lens or aperture. Source statements (H. H. Nasse, Carl Zeiss Camera Lens Division, 2010). Depth of field depends on the acceptable blur and so rests on arbitrary specifications; it does not stop sharply but changes continuously. In object space it is (almost) independent of focal length when compared at the same imaging scale (subject size on the sensor), meaning different focal lengths shot from correspondingly different distances give similar depth of field; this stops holding at very large distances. Differently, perspective and the maximum blur of the distant background differ: background blur is lower for shorter focal lengths than for longer ones. Describing a lens by its 35 mm-equivalent focal length is inconsistent unless the aperture is converted too; equivalent f-numbers scale with format size, so small formats have little depth-of-field variation. Method (inference, my mapping to prompts): (1) for shallow depth of field, state a wide aperture ('f/1.4', 'shallow depth of field'), a close subject distance and a large format; (2) use focal-length words to control perspective and how big the background looks, not as the main DoF switch; (3) when matching coverage, keep subject size in frame and aperture words consistent across shots; (4) do not trust a model to honour exact f-stops - verify by looking at background blur size. Failure modes. Prompts that list '24mm, f/1.2, shallow DoF' mix wide-angle perspective with a strong blur request; models may blend them. Limitations. This is optical physics, not a statement about any model's behaviour. Version/date. ZEISS paper March 2010. Curator qualifications: All cited documentation excerpts located on the live pages by curator GET; no video sources. Promoted by C3R-0600 timed recheck: all cited excerpts re-located (shingle 1.0). Limitations: Prompt mapping is untested inference; the paper addresses optics for photography. Related prior items cover CoC/hyperfocal calculators and the 'telephoto compression' idea. Evidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.

{
  "citations": [
    {
      "url": "https://lenspire.zeiss.com/photo/app/uploads/2018/02/cln35_en_web_special_bokeh.pdf",
      "note": "Depth of field basics; Depth of field and focal length; Depth of field and focal length; Format comparison; Format comparison; prompt mapping"
    }
  ]
}