Do biomechanics sources agree on how to choose a Butterworth cutoff, and does residual analysis give one answer?

On eight data sets, four automatic cutoff-selection methods (Challis, Yu, Winter, Jackson) gave widely different optimal cutoffs for the same trial (walking toe x: 12.5, 3.0, 10.0, 4.0 Hz); the effect depends on the parameter (minimum toe clearance varied under 1 mm), and cutoffs above 20 Hz were judged inappropriate for force-plate data. Applying these biomechanics results to animation capture is a proposal. Curator qualifications: Documents read 2026-10-22; no data filtered or gaps filled. Table values read from flattened PDF text; column order matches the header order (Challis, Yu, Winter, Jackson). Original method papers paywalled and unread. Limitations: Documents read 2026-10-22; no data filtered or gaps filled. Evidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.

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