What do scholarly sources say about improvisation, audience interaction and the use of painted screens (pardeh) in naqqali, and what could a contemporary narrator responsibly take from it?

Evidence is thin and indirect. Khosravi (2025, citing Aydenloo 2011) reports that storytellers in public sessions reinterpreted story aspects based on shared values with the audience or improvised new elements inspired by the context, and her Persian background (citing Mills 2001 and Page 1992) notes narrators sometimes improvised a forbidden topic into the middle of a session; training was by imitation of masters, refined by audience feedback. Galehdaran and Pourzarrin's English abstract (2019) says in pardeh-khani the narrator, 'with skill in improvisation', identifies the figures on the screen with the actual environment, masks parts of the screen and places himself as a visual element, with performance either in closed courtyards or open air where a scroll is opened slowly or a cover screen removed. Page's 1979 field-based article on transmission is paywalled; only its extract is readable. UNESCO's text was not readable. Curator qualifications: All 6 non-empty excerpts present. Persian p.72 sentence cites (Mills, 2001, p.239; آلن‌پیج 1371, p.122): 1371 solar Hijri is the date of the Persian translation of Page (English reference list spells the author 'Ellen Pitch, M. (1992)'). S15 abstract confirms masking, the narrator placing himself as a visual form, 'with skill in improvisation', closed courtyard vs open air, and that it is based on 'library sources and documentary information'. S17 is an extract only; candidate correctly does not draw findings from it. Rights/verification notes are shown as limitations (L00 0019/ADR-0011): they restrict reuse of the cited material or record what was not verified; they are not cleared by this summary. Limitations: [rights_conflict_record] S14 Khosravi 2025 licence conflict (words CC BY-NC vs URL CC BY 4.0; C3R-0073) kept: rights hold on any text reuse. Evidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.

{
  "citations": [
    {
      "url": "https://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article_23973_5a8a0f2779706d8eff072fa34acfb143.pdf",
      "note": "Khosravi 2025 PDF: Theoretical Background (p.67), Persian introduction (p.72), Research objective (p.68); Negareh article_994 English abstract; Cambridge Core Iranian Studies abstract page (Page 1979), public extract; GET resolved to www.cambridge.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://negareh.shahed.ac.ir/article_994_en.html",
      "note": "Khosravi 2025 PDF: Theoretical Background (p.67), Persian introduction (p.72), Research objective (p.68); Negareh article_994 English abstract; Cambridge Core Iranian Studies abstract page (Page 1979), public extract; GET resolved to www.cambridge.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies/article/abs/professional-storytelling-in-iran-transmission-and-practice/802CEF973C64632E2B6C49E8B0254276",
      "note": "Khosravi 2025 PDF: Theoretical Background (p.67), Persian introduction (p.72), Research objective (p.68); Negareh article_994 English abstract; Cambridge Core Iranian Studies abstract page (Page 1979), public extract; GET resolved to www.cambridge.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jiass/vol16/iss2/8/",
      "note": "Khosravi 2025 PDF: Theoretical Background (p.67), Persian introduction (p.72), Research objective (p.68); Negareh article_994 English abstract; Cambridge Core Iranian Studies abstract page (Page 1979), public extract; GET resolved to www.cambridge.org"
    }
  ]
}