What is naqqali (Iranian dramatic storytelling of the Shahnameh), how does it differ from Shahnameh-khani, and what do 'scroll' and 'pardeh' mean in this context?

Open scholarly abstracts and an English-and-Persian 2025 article agree on the core: naqqali is performed narration of stories, today above all of the Shahnameh, as distinct from Shahnameh-khani, which is reciting the verses themselves. Jahandideh and Khaefi (2013) define naqqali of the Shahnameh as narrating with special tone, feelings, expression, gestures and movements, and Shahnameh-khani as singing the exact verses; they report four basic types. Khosravi (2025) says the form's peak is placed in the 10th-13th centuries (as printed, solar Hijri) and that from the late Qajar period it narrowed to prose manuscripts (tumars) built on the Shahnameh. The word 'scroll' is used for two different things: the narrator's written prose tumar (Khosravi, citing Aydenloo) and the painted pardeh used in pardeh-khani (Galehdaran and Pourzarrin 2019). UNESCO's inscription files were not readable. Curator qualifications: S16 abstract: Shahnameh-khani is 'singing the exact verses of Shahnameh from memory or from a book without any manipulation' and Naqqali of Shahnameh is 'narrating the stories of Shahnameh with special tone, feelings, expression, gestures, and movements'; it reports 'four basic types of these two performing arts' (the four types cover both forms together, not naqqali alone). S14 Persian introduction: peak flourishing between the 10th and 13th centuries solar (اوج شکوفایی آن بین سدة 10 تا 13 شمسی است) and narrowing from late Qajar to prose tumars based on the Shahnameh. The tumar-as-treasure sentence cites Saeedi 1381 and Aydenloo 1391, not Aydenloo alone; the article's English reference list renders Aydenloo's titles with 'scrolls' for tumar, which itself shows the ambiguity the candidate flags. S15 abstract: open-air performance where the 'scroll screen opened up to the audience slowly'. All 5 non-empty excerpts present (Persian matched after removing U+202A-202C bidi controls and the appended own glosses). Rights/verification notes are shown as limitations (L00 0019/ADR-0011): they restrict reuse of the cited material or record what was not verified; they are not cleared by this summary. Limitations: [rights_conflict_record] S14 Khosravi 2025 licence conflict (words CC BY-NC vs URL CC BY 4.0; C3R-0073) kept: rights hold on any text reuse. Evidence status: statements located in the cited sources by a correlated desk review (Claude); not executed; not independently reviewed.

{
  "citations": [
    {
      "url": "https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jiass/vol16/iss2/8/",
      "note": "Butler Digital Commons JIASS 16(2) art. 8, abstract; Negareh article_994 English abstract (DOI 10.22070/negareh.2019.3585.1968); Khosravi 2025 PDF (pdftotext; bidi controls stripped): Persian introduction, literature review, references"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://negareh.shahed.ac.ir/article_994_en.html",
      "note": "Butler Digital Commons JIASS 16(2) art. 8, abstract; Negareh article_994 English abstract (DOI 10.22070/negareh.2019.3585.1968); Khosravi 2025 PDF (pdftotext; bidi controls stripped): Persian introduction, literature review, references"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article_23973_5a8a0f2779706d8eff072fa34acfb143.pdf",
      "note": "Butler Digital Commons JIASS 16(2) art. 8, abstract; Negareh article_994 English abstract (DOI 10.22070/negareh.2019.3585.1968); Khosravi 2025 PDF (pdftotext; bidi controls stripped): Persian introduction, literature review, references"
    }
  ]
}